Asthma inhalers: types, how to use them, and quick safety tips

Asthma inhalers keep attacks away. If you use one, small changes in technique can make a big difference. This guide covers the main kinds of inhalers, when to use each, and simple fixes for common mistakes.

Know your inhaler types

There are three common kinds: meter-dose inhalers (MDIs), dry-powder inhalers (DPIs), and soft-mist inhalers. MDIs spray a measured dose and work best with a slow, steady breath. DPIs release powder when you inhale sharply. Soft-mist inhalers make a slow mist and often suit people who struggle with coordination. Controllers usually contain steroids for daily use; relievers contain short-acting bronchodilators for sudden symptoms. Some inhalers combine both functions in one device for daily control plus quick relief.

Use it right every time

Shake MDIs unless the label says otherwise. Prime a new inhaler by spraying into the air as directed. Breathe out fully, place the mouthpiece in your mouth, then start a slow, deep inhalation while pressing the canister. For DPIs, exhale away from the device, then inhale quickly and deeply. Hold your breath for 5 to 10 seconds after inhaling to let medicine settle in your lungs. Rinse your mouth after using steroid inhalers to lower the risk of thrush.

Use a spacer with MDIs if you have trouble timing the spray with your breath. Spacers cut down on throat deposition and increase lung delivery. Clean spacers and mouthpieces at least once a week with warm water and let them air-dry. Replace disposable parts according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

Watch the dose counter. Don’t guess when it’s empty—many inhalers stop giving the right dose well before you feel it. Keep a spare inhaler, especially when traveling. Store inhalers at room temperature away from direct heat and damp places. Cold can reduce the spray strength for some MDIs.

When to use controller versus reliever is simple: use controllers daily even when you feel fine. They cut down inflammation and lower attack risk. Use relievers for sudden wheeze, cough, or breathlessness. If you need reliever more than twice a week for symptoms, talk to your doctor—your controller plan may need adjusting.

Common mistakes include not breathing in strongly enough with DPIs, firing an MDI without inhaling, and skipping daily controller doses. Review your inhaler technique at least once a year with a nurse or pharmacist. They can watch and correct small errors that affect control.

If you buy inhalers online, use reputable pharmacies that require a prescription. Counterfeit inhalers are dangerous. Keep prescriptions current and ask about cheaper branded or generic options if cost is a worry. Your pharmacist can also show how to use devices correctly and recommend spacers or cleaning tips.

Keep an action plan. Write down your meds, doses, and what to do during an attack. Share it with family or caregivers. Small steps—right device, proper technique, and regular review—give you much better control and fewer surprises. Ask your doctor if your current inhaler still fits your lifestyle.